Yama

Courage | Life is yoga | Groningen | Jeffrey Deelman

Onthouding

Yama is de eerste stap van het achtvoudige pad in yoga. Yama betekent ‘onthouding’ of ‘verbod’. Dat klinkt nogal streng en legt de nadruk op wat niet mag. Een positievere benadering is gelofte of belofte.

Er zijn vijf belangrijke geloften:

  • Ahimsā: zonder geweld
    • Je doel is om zo geweldloos mogelijk te leven. Naast geweldloosheid in gedrag, betekent het ook dat je geweldloos in gedachte bent. Je bent niet gewelddadig naar anderen, en ook niet naar jezelf.
  • Satya: waarheid of waarachtig
    • Je probeert zo eerlijk en trouw mogelijk te leven. Zowel wat je denkt, doet en zegt zijn waarachtig.
  • Āsthēya: niet stelen
    • Hier probeer je zonder begeerte te leven. Je maakt je los van materieel bezit.
  • Brahmachārya: kuisheid en seksuele zelfbeheersing;
    • Brahma staat voor de Ultieme Waarheid, de Schepper. Char betekent bewegen. Het gaat dus om de beweging naar de Ultieme Waarheid. Sommigen zeggen dat je je moet onderwerpen aan God. Hiermee wordt bedoeld dat je op zoek gaat en gehoor geeft aan de goddelijkheid in jezelf. Of zoals Mandela het ooit verwoorde: ‘erken de grootsheid in jezelf’. Lees meer
  • Aparigraha: vrij zijn van hebzicht. Dit woord bestaat uit drie delen.  Graha betekent pakken of nemen, Pari geeft aan dat het om alle zijden/kanten gaat. De toevoeging a aan het begin van het woord staat voor de ontkenning, dus: niet alles willen pakken. Kortom, vrij van hebzucht zijn. Je moet dus leren wanneer iets genoeg is. In deze westerse wereld lijken we altijd meer te willen. Ook hier geldt ‘less is more’.

Yama is volgens de mythologie ook de god van de dood.

Yogasutra

Yama (Sanskriet: यम) vormt de eerste stap op het achtvoudige yogapad (ashtanga yoga) uit Patanjali’s Yogasoetra’s.

30. Yama omvat vijf geloften: (a) ahimsā (geweldloosheid), (b) satya (waarheid), (c) āsthēya (niet stelen), (d) brahmachārya (kuisheid) en (e) aparigraha(niet bezitzuchtig zijn).
31. Dit zijn machtige, algemene geloftes, die niet worden beperkt door jāti (klasse of rang), plaats of tijd.
(…)
33. Om de schadelijke, instinctieve neigingen te overwinnen moet men de tegenovergestelde krachten (vertegenwoordigd door yama en niyama) cultiveren.
34. Schadelijke instinctieve neigingen – hetzij direct of indirect zelf veroorzaakt, hetzij via anderen tot stand gebracht – leiden tot himsā (geweld). Geweld komt voort uit een bepaalde mate van lōbha (hebzucht, begeerte), krōdha (toorn, woede) en mōha (begoocheling) met duhkha (lijden) en ajñāna(onwetendheid) als resultaat. Daarom is de cultivering van tegenovergestelde krachten nodig.
35. (a) Ahimsā leidt ertoe dat je eigen agressie verdwijnt en die van anderen tegenover jou.
36. (b) Satya zorgt ervoor dat je woorden daden worden.
37. (c) Āsthēya maakt dat kostbare schatten je toevallen.
38. (d) Brahmachārya geeft je ontembare energie.
39. (e) Aparigraha schenkt kennis van vorige en toekomstige levens.

(Patanjali, Yogasoetra’s, II.30-39)
 

(9) Atonement

AUM Namaste Life Is Yoga Groningen Jeffrey Deelman

The good stuff

Slowly your story’s coming to an end. It’s time for ‘the good stuff’. You wanted or had to go on an adventure. You made choices, were challenged. At this point you gradually transformed into a different person. You’re almost home, more richer. This is the moment just before a deep sigh of contentment or relief.

Survivalkit

Two of the eight limbs of yoga are called Yama and Niyama. They are the survivalkit to help you on adventure you take upon. Guess that’s why these two are the first of the eight.

Yama

The first limb, yama, deals with one’s ethical standards and sense of integrity, focusing on our behavior and how we conduct ourselves in life. Yamas are universal practices that relate best to what we know as the Golden Rule, “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.”

The five yamas are: Ahimsa: nonviolence | Satya: truthfulness | Asteya: nonstealing | Brahmacharya: continence | Aparigraha: noncovetousness

Niyama

Niyama, the second limb, has to do with self-discipline and spiritual observances. Regularly attending temple or church services, saying grace before meals, developing your own personal meditation practices, or making a habit of taking contemplative walks alone are all examples of niyamas in practice.

The five niyamas are: Saucha: cleanliness |Samtosa: contentment | Tapas: heat; spiritual austerities | Svadhyaya: study of the sacred scriptures and of one’s self | Isvara pranidhana: surrender to God

Choices

They help you to make thruthfull choices. Choices that are close to your heart, although you ego isn’t always that happy about it. Look at is as a ration. According to your ego it is tasteless en barely eatable, but most important: it keeps you alive. Just like the nasty stinging sensation when you use jodium to clean a wound. Het hurts a bit, but it’s for a good cause.

Richer

In almost every play you see a character develop, making a transformation. The main character always get out of ‘battle’ different then when he started it. If you ask actors why they act, they often say they want to give something to the audience. A story of recognision, comfort or confrontation. In the end you as a member of the audience will leave the theatre as a richer person. So even you made a transformation too.

 

SOURCE: http://www.yogajournal.com/article/beginners/the-eight-limbs/

(8) Transformation

Life is yoga | Work in progress | Jeffrey Deelman

Wriggle

Sometimes we wriggle ourselves to get something done. To change our behavior or even the world around us. Nobody is perfect. Even I am fed up with the things I do. My stubbornness gets in the way big time sometimes. And there are moments where I can be really stubborn. Often leading to frustration in my surroundings but mostly to frustration of myself. Change those habbits for once. Try and be flexible from one moment to the next and try to listen to your surroundings. How do you do that? 

Just do it

Well, just do it. Just DO it! There is one but. It doesn’t happen from one moment to the next. We need time to get used to new behavior. Look at it as learning to walk. When you were young you also needed to practice that.

And if you don’t succeed the first time? Know that you are not a total failure. Yoga means ‘controlling the fluctuations of the mind’. It deserves practice. Practice makes perfect.

Trying

Actors do the same thing. Before a theatre group presend a play on stage, they hit the rehearsal studio. They seek the peace and quiet for a month or two, where they really focus on ‘constructing’ a character and constructing the story. Actors are trying, repeating, rehearsing consciously. Aiming at reproducing it in the end. It has become a habit to act like the character.

Rehearsing

You also require the time and the rehearsal studio to practice. Find moments in your every day life to practice. Maybe there are situations where you could try a part of that behavior (onnoticed). Every time consciously trying that new behavior. It’s almost like meditation; focussing on one thing. And it almost touches pratyahara ‘abstention’. At the moment that you can separate behavior, thought and feeling, you’ll grow a little. You’ll transform to a richer and truer person.

You’re on the right path…

 

Exercise

ASANA: Write down which poses frustrates the most. Why does it frustrate you? Maybe it seems weird, but the frustration is a gift. The frustration is trying to tell you something valuable. So when you start to feel you are blocked in doing the pose, ask yourself ‘where do I find the gift to success?’

(3) Chaos

Life Is Yoga - Hand - Samadhi

For the umpteenth time I start anew. Yet I can´t seem to get it done putting the yoga-meanings Niyama and Pratyahara together in a simple and understandable story. And above this I also want to explain to you how actors apply this in their job. That it could be something you would benefit from. I can´t seem to manage.

Distance

For weeks now I have been struggling. In what kind of shape should I mold it all? What do I want you to learn from it? A story of 500 words has become a chaos of 13 pages. Stop it. Wait. Take a distance. What´s in fact the essence of what I want to say? And be satisfied with less. Stop. Wait. Got it. This is exactly what Niyama en and Pratyahara is about.

Niyama

ln, the eight branches of yoga is the second branch ? . Niyama which means as much as ´regulation´ gives you something to hold on to and consists of five virtues: purity, contentment, diligence, self-reflection and awareness of the divine.

Pratyāhāra

Pratyāhāra is pulling back from the (inner) senses from their objects so as spirit (chitta ) remain themselves. Let me put it another way: thoughts determine your feelings. Your feelings determine how you behave in a given situation.

Zoom in

This is what actors do when they develop a character. They unravel – ontrafelen – the script with the aim to find as much information about the character as possible. They try out everything physically. This they try to do as pure as possible (niyama). They are constantly wondering whether they yet have the essence of the character (pratyahara). In addition, they use their body (behaviour) to transfer to the public certain feelings and thoughts.

Rest

Because I desperately wanted to tell everything, I wasn´t pure anymore. I was writing like crazy and I became more and more dissatisfied. My thoughts made ​​me feel frustrated and that was reflected in my behaviour: 13 pages full with chaos. And now? I stopped and asked myself what it was really about. That gave me the possibility to come the essence. There was peace in writing my story. Bingo!

 

Exercise

Imagine you have to explain a blind person what someone looks when he is ´angry´, ‘happy’ or ‘sad’. Look at how someone physically changes. What happens to the shoulders and chest, where do the mouth corners go, what do you hear of someone’s breathing, etc.

Asana

Savasana. In this pose, you lie stretched on the floor. You try to be as relaxed as possible with eyes closed. Your thoughts will do their best to distract you. The trick is to consciously keep your focus on your breathing. If you are in Savasana , try to re-examine how the principles of Niyama and Pratyahara apply . Wait. Stop. Try. Do not expect perfection, it´s about trying and exploring.

 

SOURCES:

http://www.yogajournal.com/article/beginners/the-eight-limbs/

http://skdesigns.com/internet/articles/quotes/williamson/our_deepest_fear/

 

(5) Threshold

Life is yoga | Threshold

“Ever tried. Ever failed. No matter. Try Again. Fail again. Fail better”, by Samuel Beckett. This Irish (drama) writer and poet inspired my yoga practice. How often do we pursue perfection on our yoga mat and most of all in our daily lives?

Thresholds

What if everything was so simple? With a snap of the finger live the perfect life. Or instantly get a hang of that challenging yoga pose. Why is there always resistance? Why those thresholds? Many times I felt frustrated because things didn´t go the way I wanted them to.

Small steps

But wait … How did I learn to walk? Probably dozens of times I fell. Every time a small step. Raising myself at the bars of the baby crib. Slowly it went better. Was I frustrated? I was too young to remember it, but I think not. I was exploring. Without judgment seeking the essence of “walking.” With full attention and without judgment.

Climb

You cannot stand up without falling. But by falling, each time you come closer to the top. Slowly, but surely you climb higher and higher. Your positive attitude is the ‘ life – line ‘ in this climb to a great view: success.

Protect

Also actors do this. They try to figure out every time what makes a character unique. They try to make many mistakes so they know all the ins and outs of the character. And with this they come to the essence. They are protected by the safe walls of the rehearsal. They keep a life biography of the character that they play with all kinds of important information.

Guide

Maybe nice to know: Ganesha, is the god of travelers. He protects travelers on their way; their discovery. He throws thresholds; makes you stop and hold on to make choices. He is there to protect you, to give you the confidence that every choice is good. So have confidence, fall, get up and be a master in falling.